MOTIVATION 1.4

 MOTIVATION 1.4 

[CONCEPT OF NEED & MOTIVATION: TYPES & TECHNIQUES]

• There are many needs which an individual may have.
• Due to various needs (motives) people are continuously in a motivational state. 
• When one need is satisfied, another takes place. 
• Needs may be grouped into three categories: a. Primary Needs, b. Secondary Needs, c. General Needs

A. Primary Needs:

• Physiological/ biological/ basic needs
• Essential for survival
• Common to all human beings, intensity may differ
• Need for food, sleep, air to breathe etc.

B. Secondary Needs:

• Not natural but learned through experience, interaction, observation
• Also called learned or derived needs
• Need for power, achievement, status, recognition etc.

C. General Needs:

• Lie between the primary and secondary needs
• Need for affection, respect etc.  

MOTIVATION: Types & Techniques 

1. Positive Motivation

Positive motivators generally  have an optimistic attitude behind and they are generally given to satisfy the psychological requirements of employees. For example-promotion, praise, recognition, perks and allowances, etc. 

2. Negative Motivation

Negative motivators are those whose purpose is to correct the mistakes or defaults of employees. Negative incentive is generally resorted to when positive incentive does not works and a psychological set back has to be given to employees. For example- demotion, transfer, fines, penalties.

3. Monetary Motivation

Salaries, Fringe benefits (staff discounts, contributions to travel costs, staff uniforms etc), Time-rate pay (pay based on time worked), Piece-rate pay (pay per item produced), Commissions, Performance-related pay, Bonuses for achieving targets, Pensions, Additional paid vacation time, Profit sharing.

4. Non-Monetary Motivation

Flexible work hours, Training & Professional Development, Status, Pleasant work environment, Recognition (praise in verbal, written or ideally a public announcement), Involvement in key decisions, Independence and Autonomy, Gifts & Awards, Personal Thank-You Notes, Job enrichment, Promotion Opportunities. 

[to be continued...]